Symbolism – “My Antonia”

Literary device – Symbolism Symbolism is the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities: symbolic meaning attributed to natural objects or facts. â€Å"There seemed to be nothing to see; no fences, no creeks or trees, no hills or fields. If there was a road, I could not make it out in the faint starlight. There was nothing but land: not a country at all, but the material out of which countries are made† (10). â€Å"In all that country it was the spot most dear to me† because when all of the land has been cleared for farming, this â€Å"island† where two roads meet is the only place where the tall prairie grass still grows undisturbed† (62). Even while we whispered about it, our vision disappeared; the ball dropped and dropped until the red tip went beneath the earth. The fields below us were dark, the sky was growing pale, and that forgotten plough had sunk back to its own littleness somewhere on the prairie† (50-51). Willa Cather My Antoni a In the book, My Antonia, Jim Burden finds himself an orphan leaving his beloved home to a new, stranger place. When he first arrives he observes the country and how different the surroundings are. Throughout the story Jim finally settles in and has a new friend, Antonia. Many things happen and soon we are mourning over the death of Mr.Shimerda. His death was a big event and effected Antonia and her family. Her family was forced to work three times harder to keep themselves alive. As you transition into book two, more conflicts are invited and new symbols. There are three main types of symbolism that are appealing to the eye. The first quote uses the prairie as a symbol of Jim’s friendship with Antonia during his childhood. It may also symbolize the immigrants and the vast size of the prairie. Which may suggest both the opportunity for a new life and the overwhelming fear that goes with trying to create a new life.The third quote is usually missed as a sign of symbolism. The gravesite is a remnant of the prairie in its purest form, and it symbolizes Antonia’s and Jim’s longing for the past. It is also unwelcoming and â€Å"the  sky cries as if in sorrow, and the elements in the new land are not friendly, just as they have not been welcoming to  Mr. Shimerda† (61). In the final quote the symbol is the plough. It symbolizes man’s â€Å"beautiful and harmonious† connection to the land. The imagery suggests Jim’s impending separation from Antonia and while Antonia remains on the prairie, Jim leaves for good. Willa Cather uses many examples of symbolism.The lighting is one that is seen in many books, such as Of Mice and Men and more. A vivid description of light shows every major change that occurs in the novel. For example, at the end of the novel, after Jim leaves Antonia for the last time, he stands alone on the prairie roads in â€Å"the slanting sunlight† and reflects on the â€Å"incommunicableâ₠¬  past he shared with Antonia. The light from the sun is setting and at this time Cather uses the light to show the ending to Jim and Antonia’s relationship. Symbolism in this novel is important in deciding the lives, actions, and moods of the characters.

Effect of social media on Family time Essay

As human beings we need to socialise and communicate with others. Of all the relations that we have in life, the most precious and strong are the ones with our families. Many a times during adversities when the closest of friends may leave us, our families – parents, siblings, spouses, children etc. are those who stand by us, giving all the support that we need. With the passing of time and evolving of technology, social media has creeped into our lives as an integral part. Having both good and bad sides, I think social media on our family time effects in connecting family members that are far away, creating distance among close family members and breaking of relationships. Connecting with family, relatives or even friends that live abroad is one of the greatest ways social media helps keep the bonds alive. In the past when a child would go abroad to study or when any family member would travel for a certain purpose, their family behind could only hope to hear from them via ha ndwritten letters. Thereafter came about telephone calls and then came e-mails. Now in this era, with people posting about their daily activities on social networking sites like Facebook or Twitter, the families or parents are well updated regarding their loved ones. Many lost childhood friends are easily found and reconnected. Moreover a growing number of married couples are seen to have found each other on some form of social networking sites. Serving well in its purpose of connecting people, social media does also cause distancing of those who are close to us. Too much of anything is bad. Balanced amount of time given in social networking can be good but when we spend hours after hours on it, we often see ourselves distancing from direct family. How often it is seen that a teenager or young adult remains busy on his or her phone completely ignoring their parents or siblings or having minimal conversations with them.

Alan Klein Sugarball

Alan Klein’s Sugarball is both a historical overview and cultural study of how citizens of the Dominican Republic not only enjoy baseball but use it as a means of cultural self-expression and, more importantly, resistance to American domination of their small country.   Though not openly hostile to the United States, the Dominican public uses baseball as a means of asserting pride and equality in the face of long, formidable neocolonial domination. Baseball is a specifically American entity only partly because it was created and evolved in the United States, where for decades it remained the dominant spectator sport.   More importantly, Klein asserts, baseball is uniquely American in how it has spread to other nations and dominates the game elsewhere.   It has the largest and strongest organization, the richest teams, largest fan base, most lucrative broadcasting and advertising contracts, and most extensive networks for scouting and player development. Baseball’s presence in the Dominican Republic (among the western hemisphere’s poorest nations) is also uniquely American because, as with other aspects of American culture, it was brought there as American domination spread throughout the Caribbean American interests assumed control of the Dominican economy. However, unlike other American corporations, Major League Baseball did not provoke widespread, unmitigated resentment, but is for the most part supported by the nation’s people.   In addition, the methods long used to scout and sign Dominican ballplayers is similarly dubious and rifer with duplicity; Klein calls their methods â€Å"so reminiscent of those of the West African slave traders of three centuries earlier† (42). In terms of the game itself, the rules and style in each are generally the same, and while Dominicans play the game with an intensity equal with Americans, their approach to other aspects of baseball are more casual, reflecting that society’s leniency and lax approach to time.   While Dominican players play as hard as their American teammates and opponents, they embrace a much more casual attitude toward time, frequently showing up late for meetings or practice unless specifically required to be punctual.   In addition, they tend to be more exuberant and unrestrained; playing the game seriously is not equated with a somber demeanor. Most of the differences lie off the field, particularly in the atmosphere of a stadium on game day.   The fan culture is radically different; where American fans are more restrained, often get to games on time, and can sometimes be confrontational with other fans, Dominican fans are generally louder, more physically and temperamentally relaxed, more effusive (even with strangers), and, despite the demonstrative body language and shouting shown in arguments, there is far less violence than at an American ballgame. Klein attributes this to the fact that â€Å"[Dominican fans] are far more social than North Americans, more in tune with human frailty.   Because they see so much human vulnerability, because they are closer to the margins of life, they are more likely to resist the urge to bully and harm† (148). Economic power essentially defines the relationship between American and Dominican baseball, because Major League Baseball develops and signs much of the local Dominican talent, leaving the Dominican professional league and amateur ranks underdeveloped and subordinate to the North American teams who establish baseball academies and working agreements with Dominican teams. Since 1955, when the major leagues established working agreements with Dominican professional clubs (and, more significantly, eliminated the â€Å"color line† that prevented most Dominicans, who are predominantly mulatto, from playing), American baseball has shown its hegemony over its Dominican counterpart, turning the latter into a virtual colony by taking its raw resources and giving back very little in return.   Klein comments: â€Å"The lure of cheap, abundant talent in the Dominican Republic led American teams to establish a more substantial presence there . . . [and the] bonds between American and Dominican baseball came increasingly to resemble other economic and political relations between the two countries† (36). Klein writes that most Dominicans accept American dominance of their baseball, adding that â€Å"whereas giants such as Falconbridge and GTE are resented, major league teams are largely supported† (2), mainly because Dominican players have such a notable presence and bring positive attention to their impoverished homeland.   This support is by no means unconditional, though; they steadfastly refuse to approach the game with American businesslike gravitas; instead, they treat the game itself somewhat like Carnival, with joy coexisting alongside energetic, intense play. Resistance appears in the way Dominican players relax at home, interacting more freely with fans, who themselves resist American baseball’s decorum by being themselves and creating a festive, effusive, Carnival-like atmosphere.   According to Klein, â€Å"The game remains American in structure, but its setting is Dominican and it has become infused with Dominican values† (149).   Indeed, the park fosters a microcosm of Dominican society, particularly its impoverished economy, and unlike the more slick American baseball business, it does not exclude its marginal activities. In addition to the paid vendors and park employees within the stadium, an illicit economy flourishes both within and on the outside, with self-appointed â€Å"car watchers,† vendors, and ushers (adults and children alike) plying their trade for small fees, and bookmakers work openly, often in the presence of the police, who turn a blind eye to most illegal activity aside from the rare fight. Dominican baseball’s symbolic significance is not a sense of the pastoral heritage, like some in America interpret it; instead, it reflects Dominicans’ sense of themselves being dominated by the United States, and offers a symbolic outlet for striking back. In his preface, Klein writes: â€Å"The tensions between a batter who has two strikes against him and the opposing pitcher are a metaphor for the political and cultural tensions described in this book† (xi).   Indeed, the Dominican republic’s deeply entrenched poverty and long domination by foreign powers give it a feeling of vulnerability and compel its people to seek some means of besting the dominant power – if not politically or economically, then at least athletically. At the start of the book, Klein states that â€Å"every turn at bat is a candle of hope, every swing is the wave of a banner, the sweeping arc of a sword† (1).   Indeed, when a Dominican reaches the major leagues and excels, it is not merely an athletic success story but a symbolic invasion and conquest of the conqueror’s territory.   (The United States twice occupied the Dominican Republic in the twentieth century, an ever-present fact in Dominicans’ minds.) Also, the atmosphere in the crowd of a Dominican professional game serves as the country’s symbolic assertion of its culture in the face of American dominance.   At Santo Domingo’s Quisqueya Stadium, one witnesses â€Å"a mass spectacle that makes simultaneous use of American and Dominican elements. . . . [Baseball] at Quisqueya embodies many of the things that North Americans find blameworthy in Dominican culture – lateness, overly casual behavior, inefficiency.   But the Dominicans see these characteristics as a source of pride, and they take their game seriously† (150). The Dominican baseball press is a source of more open resistance; says Klein, â€Å"the press has inadvertently created a Latino universe of discourse, one in which North Americans are conspicuously absent† (127).   Its journalists display an obvious bias by devoting so much attention to Dominicans in the major leagues that one hardly knows other nationalities even participate. In addition, Dominican baseball writers openly blame Dominican baseball’s problems on American control, protesting a skewed economic relationship that mirrors the larger political and economic imbalance.   They promote much of the public’s pride, says Klein, but that pride is â€Å"tempered by the view that Dominican baseball is still an adjunct to the American game† (121).   Dominican resistance is thus aimed at countering this uncomfortable fact. In baseball terms, American culture interacts with Dominican culture by treating it with some degree of condescension and insensitivity.   Many American baseball professionals are impatient with Dominicans’ loose sense of time, quickly deeming Latino players uncoachable â€Å"head cases,† without looking at the cultural differences. Among Dominicans, says Klein, â€Å"There is none of the regimentation, guardedness, and nervous tension that characterizes players in the United States.   North American managers must take this looseness into account when they go to the Caribbean, for the players’ conception of the game and of time is as elastic as that of other Dominicans† (148). Despite the United States’ long domination of the Dominican Republic, the small nation’s people feel less anger than a mixture of muted resentment and aspiration to attain American material prosperity and stability, which for most are a distant, unreachable ideal.   Thus, when Dominican ballplayers reach the major leagues, their large salaries represent a sort of victory and source of immense pride for the small island nation.   Says Klein, â€Å"Much as archeological treasures attest to a rich Dominican past, salaries attest to the present† (128). Klein’s study pays keen attention not only to Dominican history but also to the ways in which Dominicans embrace this imported sport but also use their prowess to offer their own subtle response to American political and economic dominance.   The dynamic he describes illustrates not only American hegemony, but also how subordinated peoples’ identity and spirit can thrive even in the face of foreign domination. Klein, Alan M.   Sugarball.   New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991.

Marketing Communication Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Marketing Communication - Case Study Example In this study the communication objective of this campaign, the purpose of this campaign will be analyzed along with the role of integrated marketing communication tools and their link to the response stages will be analyzed. This campaign on natural beauty was started after the Unilever's Dove brand through its study found that out of 3300 women and girl that were surveyed in 10 different countries, only 2% considered them as beautiful, which means that the current advertisement campaigns running through advertisements, magazines, billboard have changed the perception of beauty (Kotler,2008). It further revealed that about 90% of the women who age between 15-64 years want at least one aspect of their physical appearance to change; while over 67% of the women leave life-engaging activities because they are not comfortable with their physical looks. With this study Unilever came up with a conclusion that it is the time to redefine the beauty, with the believe that beauty comes in different shapes, ages and sizes Unilever set up its goal to broaden the definition of beauty so that the women feel beautiful everyday (Kotler,2008). It launched a global campaign in 2004, Dove Real Beauty Campaign, in which it featured the image of real, confident and candid women images instead of actresses and super models, which provoked the customers to think about their beauty perception. The campaign gained immense popularity when Dove introduced the six new "real beauties" in the magazines and billboards, wearing nothing but underwear and smiles of their faces. The campaign for Real Beauty was launched as a step to broaden the definition of beauty and to provide a wider representation than conventional images of beauty with which women are bombarded everyday. With this global objective, Dove has successfully achieve its objective to defy stereotypical images and it celebrated the different size, color, shape and age of women beauty because of it's believe that through this it can extend the meaning of beauty. Another step that Dove took to change the perception of beauty in women and young people, it founded the Self-Esteemed Fund, the objective of which was to provoke the sense of self-worth in young girls and build confidence and also to provide helpful solution to them. This Self-Esteem is working worldwide markets to finance the revolutionary BodyThink; the funds were raised with the help of local charity. The aim and objective of the Dove Campaign for Real Beauty and Self Esteem fund was to redefine the beauty through educating and through a number of different activities and programs, with the BodyThink in the centre for educating young people on the concept of beauty. The campaign gained huge success in the form of reach and the impact it has created. With the six women advertisements in magazines, TV and billboard it got world wide attention and popularity. The campaign got much consideration because of its influence on the subject of body image and became the center of discussion in most newspapers, blogs and enjoyed great appreciation and some criticism on using real beauty to sell products to earn profits. It has through international partnerships with institutions that are concerned with eating disorder, education, health and youth in over 40 countries including entire Europe, Asia, Middle East, North America, by using its educational program, the aim

Reinforced Concrete Beam Behavior in Bending Research Paper

Reinforced Concrete Beam Behavior in Bending - Research Paper Example ProcedureThe setup of the apparatus involved a beam that was in the machine with the gauge across the beam’s depth. It was loaded in flexure. The load in the concrete beam was increased uniformly from 0KN up to a load of 41.95KN. From the gauge reading taken, there was very little deflection at the beginning. The increase of the load was gradual. The beam first had a crack at the bottom when the load applied in the middle of the beam reached 10KN. There was a record of all gauge readings and deflections with each increment. Further increments of 2KN followed but with only the deflection readings recorded.   At the point where the beam deflection started increasing rapidly, the deflection gauge was removed. The beam was then loaded up to failure. The beam failed at 41.95 KN.The table below shows the results of the observations and readings from the gauge and applied load in the experiment.  DiscussionI. The development of cracksThe beam experience different loading conditio ns where the deflection on of the beam indicated the effect of the load on the beam. More increases to the load took the concrete beam to its elastic limit. Beyond the elastic limit, the beam experience permanent deformation. At a load of 10KN, the beam started developing cracks as it had reached its elastic limit. The cracked section demonstrates the behaviour of the material. It was elastic with light loads but with high loads, it became plastic and cracks started to appear.

Art History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Art History - Essay Example The materials that have been used to construct and decorate the interior of the building make it more unique. Different types of wood have been used in the interior of the building. The different types of wood that has been used includes teak, oak, maple, cedar and mahogany. Contrast of colour is evident in the interior of the building due to the arrangement of the wood materials. On the other hand, the interlocking joinery on the stair cases has been left exposed. The inlays in the tile mantles match the inlays in the custom furniture. Some of the panels also act as concealed doors. The woodworking in the house is excellent and it match the furniture that are found in the building (Douglass, 2013). A traditional plan also exists in the interior of the building which makes the interior beautiful. Different shapes have also been used in the room for the purposes of creating harmony in the building. Natural light is also able to enter the interior of the building which makes it possibl e top clearly view the decorations. The rooms in the building have been well shaped and organized around a central hall which makes it more unique. The symmetry in the interior of the building has been localized which plays an essential role in terms of making it attractive to the audience. The symmetrical spaces in the building are related to one another which is an indication that the design was and construction were carried out with a lot of expertise. The ceiling heights in the building are first and the second floors. On the other hand, the height is also different in the dens. This creates uniqueness as the spaces in the building are constantly shifting. The interior of the building is quite spacious and it allows the different furniture to be put in place. The craftsman style concepts were also used in the decorations of the interior of the building which makes it distinct. This is considering that the craftsman style usually utilize simple techniques

High Allegiance To Culture Is Detrimental to Well-Being Research Paper

High Allegiance To Culture Is Detrimental to Well-Being - Research Paper Example This is vital in bringing out the discrepancies that Amy tries to illuminate in her book. Thereafter, the arguments that prop this statement shall roll out to defend the same. However, the discussion covers the scope of different possibilities to a single situation. Cultures differ in of terms stability, stakeholders and inheritors of the same and awareness of a group about their own culture. While some groups know whatever entails their culture, another group may have a culture without committing to the same. The discussion shall focus on daughter-mother relationships to illustrate the detriment of culture disparities and intolerance on growth of individuals. High allegiance to culture is a detriment to the wellbeing of individuals. This novel is entails the story around four Chinese families that have settled in America. The families are composed of daughters and mothers. Through these characters, the story illuminates the embodiment of culture. The four Chinese families experience their unison by playing their own games and engaging in culinary activities. The Chinese families are in America due to their own various reasons. The first mum in the story dies before the events to the whole plot pick up. Suyuan Woo is a Chinese woman who lives in china with her family and husband. However, the husband is involved way from home in the Second World War. Woo goes through difficult times trying to harness hope for herself and her family. During this war period, she forms the original joy club with a few of her friends. The war escalates and the Japanese invade China. In despair, and before the Joy club matures, Woo sets off with her twin children to escape out of China. On the way, she gets sick and abandons her kids in wait of her own death (Dong 21). Fortunately, a lorry comes by and rescues her before she succumbs. She, then, immigrate into America whereby she remarries (Tan 19). In USA, she encounters her four friends whereby they form another joy club. She bear s a daughter known as Jing Mei. Jing Mei is the striving force behind Suyuan’s strength in bearing the loss of her twin children. She succumbs to a disease before she actualizes her hope of meeting her two children. The next character is Lindo. Lindo, too, escaped from China due to her unique reasons. While she was twelve, her society obliges her to marry a sixteen-year old boy. Since they shared little attachment, she decides to flee on the pretext of spiritual grounds. She is domineering character who strives to shape the direction of her daughter’s life (Rosinky 52). Similarly, there exists An Mei who immigrates into America due to her unique reasons. An- Mei grows up as an orphan due to traumatic events that befalls her family. Her mother faces rejection from her first family since she remarries as a concubine to a wealthy man. An- Mei’s mother commits suicide due to trauma she undergoes in her new home. On her mother’s death, she finds her way out of China. During her stay in USA, she marries whereby she has seven children. The last principal character in this story is Ying- ying. Her Chinese family is wealthy and conservative. The family teaches Ying -ying to define her femininity by being demure. However, Ying-ying possesses a strong personality that she hides in order to please her family. She gets to marry a man whom she realizes she does not share an attachment. The husband becomes abusive and; therefore, she

Professional career goals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Professional career goals - Essay Example To be an acute care nurse practitioner, I will need to complete my Bachelor’s in Science degree first before applying and being accepted into a Master’s program. My short term goal is to complete my Bachelor of Science degree in nursing. I prepared myself to succeed in the Associates Degree program in nursing and the Bachelor of Science in nursing programs at The California State University in Los Angeles by taking classes at a community college because I graduated a nursing school a long time ago. To achieve my goal, I need to effectively use time management skills. I am a student, an employee and a daughter, who needs to take care of a mother. To do well in my three roles, I need to prioritize my time and at this point a personal life is of less importance as I concentrate on my education and academic goals. If I succeed in time management and time distribution, I will succeed in the ADN to BSN bridge

Discuss the extent to which an understanding of marketing would be of Essay

Discuss the extent to which an understanding of marketing would be of use to organisations other than businesses - Essay Example In as much as distribution plays a significant role in ensuring that marketing is successful, the event of developing and effecting a promotional strategy is normally worthwhile as it ensures that organizations realize the objectives that they laid out when introducing the product or service of interest (Cohen 2012, pg. 36). Over and above, marketing plays a decisive role in making sure that organizations remain relevant in the market for a considerable duration. As a matter of fact, global brands such as Apple, Samsung and Coca-Cola take marketing very seriously and customarily allocate a substantial portion of their budget to handle marketing issues. This essay aims to provide more insight into the aspect of marketing, putting special emphasis on understanding the nature of marketing as well as the role that it plays in any organization. Similarly, the essay analyzes how marketing operates within a business and outlines the steps that an organization can embrace in order to influen ce the judgments of a number of customers. The nature of marketing is such that customer focus is central, and activities habitually revolve around the customer. The primary aim of those who are involved in marketing is to ascertain that the needs and desires of the buyer are met. To this effect therefore, marketers can be forced to raise the cost of going about the marketing exercise, just to certify that the goals and ideas of the organization are realized (Evans et.al 2009, pg. 80). Marketing can hence be regarded as harbouring a dual objective as it ensures that the customer is satisfied and the organization registers positive returns. The fact that marketing certifies that the standard of life within the society is maintained portrays it as a social process. This because it takes into consideration the changing needs and wants of the community, puts in place an effective provision and payment

Tragedy and Realism Essay Example for Free

Tragedy and Realism Essay John also portrays the tragic hero in The Crucible. His hanging shows the audience incredible strength and is incredibly admirable. The role of a tragic hero is filled by this character because John has not upheld morals as well previously in his life, shown by his affair with Abigail, but makes the right decision at the end of the play, and acts as a martyr to his cause, and dies merely due to an error of judgement, such as Mary Warrens confession and his believing in Elizabeths truthfulness. The play is written to be viewed as a slice of life or using the audience as the fourth wall where the action taking place does not involve the audience at all, with no asides directed towards them and as if the audience was not involved and was looking through a window at the lives of the characters. The appearance of reality draws on several different ideas to make it effective and believable. Unity of Time and Place is not one that The Crucible uses well. However, it is said that to effectively use this technique, the action should take place in real time. A play that takes place over three hours should take three hours to view. Millers piece does not do this as it takes place over three and a half months. Despite this; in relation to tragedy, the piece works well with the unity of time, action and place. The play uses place well as it does not take the action outside of an internal space another rule of The Appearance Of Reality; using only Paris house, Proctors house, the side room to the court and the prison cell as sets. Each of these are separated by acts, with each act taking place in a different set, minimising the amount of scene changes; this allows the audience to still feel involved with the play as a piece of realism because they are areas which almost belong to one or more of the characters. An example of this is Act 2 in Proctors house belonging to Proctor, so this does not break the spell of reality for the audience. Also, Reality beyond the stage space is used to create an air of realism, but again The Crucible does not completely apply to this rule as it not only makes mention of what has just happened, such as John planting the fields, but also of the past, such as Proctors and Abigails affair. Although, despite the reference to previous events, the only mentions of them are incredibly beneficial to the plot, therefore, working in conjunction with the tragic plot line. For example, the first communication between Abigail and Paris, discuss the happenings the night before in the woods, a particularly important part to the play as it outlines the entire reasoning for the witch trials initiating. Realistic Dialogue is greatly used in order to create a sense of a different time period. Miller uses dialogue from court records of the time, taking phrases and terms to make the time period come to life. This means that the characters use 17th century terms and dialogue, making the audience quickly adapt to, and accept the time in which the play is set. Examples of terms include Goody Proctor instead of Mrs Proctor or Miss Proctor and Aye rather than Yes. This also incorporates the idea of Realistic Characters, because the characters on the stage behave and, in a sense, show that they think the same way as real people in the 1600s would. For example, it was still the natural way of life for men to go out and work the fields while the women stayed at home and bore and raised the children. The play was also set within the time period when the slave trade was still around; allowing Titubas character to be looked down upon and spoken to in the way we see Paris doing in the scene with Hale where they are accusing Tituba of witchcraft. You will confess yourself, or I will take you outside and whip you outside and whip you to your death, Tituba. This shows the extent of the slavery at the time because this phrase is not reprimanded by any of the other characters present at the time. The use of accurate language and the building of these ideas, which an audience in modern day would know are historically accurate, allows the sense of the era to come alive, challenging the audiences morals because we know that this sort of treatment is wrong, but as you become more submerged in the play, you feel as if you are there and can understand the priests actions and feelings. The sub-text of the piece is what really involves the audience and makes them feel as if they are there. For example, although it is not outline clearly in the text, we can see Elizabeths struggle with her emotions for John. Her closed presentation of her character would allow us to see that she is almost a woman scorned, angry at his betrayal, but her willingness to try and help him do the right thing shows us that she is truly hurt by his actions and truly does love him as she has stayed with him and supported him. The aspect of Elizabeth and Johns conversation that deals with Johns affair with Abigail never directly mentions the affair, it is a sub-text, left to the audiences imagination to picture what happened, as they merely talk about the way Elizabeth has acted since and how John has earned the treatment. This also builds tension between the characters in a greater sense than it would had they been open and stated the facts about the affair. This sub-text is also explored at the beginning of Act 1 when Paris asks Abigail if her name is good in the village. The whole aspect of realism is deeply written in with the involvement of tragedy, allowing some aspects of a typical realistic piece to be diminished to allow for the tragedy to be involved. 1 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

Impact of Globalisation on Nation Borders

Impact of Globalisation on Nation Borders Globalization has had its impacts on world cross-border flows e.g flow of capital. There has been an increase in international economic activity which has expanded world trade and general capital flow. Goods are flowing across national borders easily through reduced trade barriers and new transportation methods. However, it cannot be stated that the world has become borderless. The aim of this paper is to show (through examining the U.S’s border and trade between Canada) that borders still exist and impact daily trade. In fact, it can be anticipated to see that there are new types of borders or divides being formed within countries such as the U.S. Borders are being used to reinforce protection, define territories and influence prices of material imported from other countries. Borders can be viewed differently depending on their purpose and distance from which the border is being viewed. From those different perspectives we can see that the world still has borders, they just c hange in their function depending on different aspects (Globally, Transnationally or Realistic). Economies of nations are correlated through trade of goods, services, information and even migration. Economic integration reduces barriers between national economies through governments lowering tariffs and other trade barriers strengthening trade and helps create a borderless world. Technological advances in communication have also promoted integration in the way that they ease access to knowledge of further consumers and products. Borders still have impacts on markets even close countries such as, U.S product markets and neighbouring country, Canada. The idea of having no borders and complete economic integration means having no trade barriers between countries. Canada and USA have eliminated numerous barriers of trade between them, CUSFTA and NAFTA had eliminated barriers to bilateral trade for numerous goods before the recent trade agreements (Ceglowski, pg 22). Geographically, these countries are in favourable locations for trade. Greater distances would lead to higher costs for transportation and services hindering the economic integration between them. USA and Canada share one long border which can easily be crossed through land or water. Over  ¾ of the Canadian population lives within 100 miles of the U.S border therefore the two countries share a number of social, political, cultural aspects. Majority of these countries’ population speak the same language which all together encourages bilateral trade and other cross border activities. They currently exchange approximately $1 billion goods and services per day, they’re the world’s largest bilateral trade flow. However, the border still affects economic activities between them. Research shows that Canadian provinces trade much more with other Canadian provinces than the U.S states of same economic size and distance. Ontario which is roughly the same distance from Br itish Columbia and Washington traded 7 times more with B.C than Washington in 1990. Despite Washington being a larger economy there was an apparent home bias in Canadian merchandize (Ceglowski, pg 23). There are other nontariff barriers such as licensing, health and safety regulations, gov’t procedures that often impact trade. For example, in early 1990’s Ontario established a 10% tax on all can beers with the aim to encourage container reusing. However, the U.S beer manufactures saw this as a protectionist rule because they mostly sell their beer in cans which meant the tax would have a huge impact on their product (Ceglowski, pg 24). If borders were non-existent and had no impact on trade, there would be no price difference or different currencies between same products in the two countries. In the case of USA and Canada, despite the distance being significantly lower than other trading countries, prices between a city in Canada and USA are higher than it would be between cities within the same country. Even between U.S.A and Canada, there is a difference in currency which is another indicator of a border. International transactions have risks which also act as barriers for international trade (Ceglowski, pg 25). Borders still play critical roles in politics. Some may argue that their functions are changing rather than them fading. Malcolm Anderson considers borders as a dynamic element of the state; they’re used as an instrument of state policy. When governments change the place and function of their borders, it’s for specific benefits for their state and citizens. The policies and actions of state authorities are determined by clearly defined borders and borders are used as national identities. Moraczeska compares the role and place of borders according to their perception, importance and actions taken to execute rules within the borders. In her comparison, Moraczeska compares these aspects from a realistic, transnational and global aspect: Figure 1.0: Table comparing border roles, perception and importance from three aspects (Moraczewska, pg 333) From Moraczeska’s table it is clear that from a realistic, technical view, borders serve as an element of nationality and separation. It acts as a barrier against threats, the border acts to fragment regions with the aid of infrastructure made for securitization purposes and militarisation at the borders. At a transnational perspective, borders still play the role of fragmenting regions but it’s not a solid dividing line. It’s considered permeable where there’s a gradual abolition of infrastructure which opens up flows of goods, money and people. Globally, the borders are perceived as international markets. They’re viewed as a â€Å"virtual line†, a line only seen on a map but don’t exist for global markets which reinforces the concept of the world as a whole becoming borderless. We can also see that globally, the importance of a border is downplayed. It’s not viewed as a barrier but as a unifier for international flows. The border functions as a mixed market system and legal system. So the border is still connected with a territory but its function changes in the way that it divides one zone (economically, monetary, politically) from another but it’s not related to a nation-state but to a market. Borders between these different zones can be sources of profits/benefits or losses therefore, the idea of a borderless world isn’t completely true even from a global perspective (Moraczeska, pg 334-336). Whereas borders seem to be more porous when it comes to trade, U.S borders are becoming more securitized when it comes to immigration. After the terrorist attacks September 11, 2001, the U.S (and multiple other states) has become determined to gain more control over their external borders. The USA has reinforced visa requirements and immigration procedures to control international movement of people. The US has also began construction of hundreds of miles of fencing along its border with Mexico. This process doesn’t only restrict material flow from Mexico to USA but also cuts off thousands of people who benefited from job opportunities (Newman, pg 149). Many other nations around the world such as Thailand, Uzbekistan, Iran, Brazil, Botswana, Spain have also strengthened their existing border barriers (Alexander and Hagen, pg 1197-1198). U.S.A’s border strengthened since the 2002 hearing. During this hearing, technology experts were asked to find a way to fight the war on terror using risk profiling techniques. Two years from this hearing, the US Department of Homeland Security announced a $10 billion project (US VISIT) to restructure and manage US air, land and seaport of entry security. According to Accenture, this project is designed ‘to operate far beyond US boundaries’ enabling Homeland Security to assess security risks of all US-bound travellers, preventing potential threats from reaching the US borders. This biometric border brings extends the government’s ability to examine and govern multiple aspects of daily life. The US VISIT programme acts against the idea of porous international borders that are open for business. It objectifies and categorizes people as subjects and breaks them up into predictable risk factors for him or herself (e.g gender is taken as a possible risk factor f or the subject) or to others (e.g illegal immigrants) (Louise, pg 339). This programme creates multiple boarders even within USA itself. In 2003, Accenture organized workshops for American citizens suggesting that ‘well intentioned Americans should volunteer to help fight the war on terror’ however, insinuations of citizen profiling for the other ethnicities in America such as Arab Americans are never questioned for being more racial and ethnic targeting. This creates a divide between ethnicities within USA (Louise, pg 346). Even though the U.S and other nations around the world have become more open to trade, borders between nations still exist and impact trade flows. The border between USA and Canada has large impacts on the trade flow and prices between the two nations. It can be seen that if two neighboring countries such as these still have border impacts despite the banishing of a lot of barriers and tariffs, countries trading from further will be faced with border impacts as well. This proves the idea of globalization making the world borderless irrelevant. We also saw that borders can be viewed differently and can have different roles. Borders viewed from a global aspect tend to play an integrative role were as from a realistic and transnational perspective, they take on a dividing role. Borders cannot be viewed from a single perspective; they continue to function differently in different scales. Throughout this paper it was also established that borders aren’t just the markings or fences that separate one nation from another, virtual borders within countries (e.g USA) can be formed and are being formed. Therefore, it cannot be argued that the world is becoming borderless. Rather, borders are transforming. Bibliography: Amoore, Louise. Biometric Borders: Governing Mobilities in the War on Terror. Political Geography 25.3 (2006): 336-51. Political Geopgraphy, 2006. Web. 30 Oct. 2014. Ceglowski, Janet. â€Å"Has Globalization Created a Borderless World?’ Bangkok: John Stirling for The Nation, 1973. Web. 30 Oct. 2014. Diener, Alexander, and Joshua Hagen. Theorizing Borders in a ‘Borderless World’: Globalization, Territory and Identity. WILEY Online Library. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 18 Mar. 2009. Web. 16 Nov. 2014. Moraczewska, Anna. The Chnaging Interpretation Of Border Functions In International Relations. Revista Romà ¢nă De Geografie Politică XII.2 (2010): 329-40. University in Lublin, 23 Nov. 2010. Web. 10 Nov. 2014. Newman, David. The Lines That Continue to Separate Us: Borders in Our borderless World. Progress in Human Geography 30.2 (2006): 143-61. Sage Publications. SAGE, 2006. Web. 10 Nov. 2014. Newman, David. World Society, Globalization and a Borderless World: The Contemporary Significance of Borders and Territory. World Society Foundation, 2005. Web. 16 Nov. 2014. Sparke, Matthew. From Geopolitics to Geoeconomics: Transnational State Effects in the Borderlands. Taylor Francis Online. Routledge, 19 Oct. 2007. Web. 16 Nov. 2014. Word Count: 1510 1

The Impact of Localization on Logistics and Employment along U.S Border

Globalization is often seen as an unstoppable, irreversible force. Analysts contend that trade between nations can only expand spatially and can only grow in complexity. By all measures, this perspective is largely accurate. However, the case of NAFTA and the impact it has had on trade in the U.S and its neighbours serves to show that the spatial expansion of trade between nations is not inevitable. We may call this focus on enhancement of trade between neighbouring countries â€Å"localization†, as opposed to globalization. This paper shows how the flow of trade between the Orients and the U.S shifted closer to home, to Mexico. It also shows the impact this shift has had on shipping and employment in the U.S states that border Mexico, as well as on Mexico itself. U.S-Orient Flow of Cargo Traffic As of 2012, two ports that were relatively mid-sized only two decades earlier had grown into the busiest in the country, El Paso, in the State of Texas, handled $65 billion worth of cargo during the first three quarters of 2012, while Laredo Port, also in the same state, handled $172.5 billion. This was not always the case; as of 2004, it was ports in Los Angeles, California, that handled the largest volumes in the U.S, catering to more than 7.3 million containers in that year. Los Angeles was followed not far behind by Long Beach ports, which together took care of 5.8 million containers. Taken together, in 2004 Los Angeles and Long Beach handled 68% of cargo traffic in the whole of the West Coast. The large volumes handled by these ports in the West Coast can thus be attributed to the long growth in trade between the U.S and developed Asian economies such as Japan, as well as emerging economies such as Singapore and China. As the globali... ...unta colonet multimodal project in baja California† (Dec 2009), in Border Brief, Univ. of San Diego Press. Heineman, B.W (2008). Wal-Mart’s Massive Bribery Scandal: What Happens Now? Harvard Business Press. Web. Lawrence, C. I-69 Project Overview. Retrieved 26th March 2014. Web. ONESCU: Multinational Corporations and The Global Economy, Retrieved 24th Mar 2014. Web. Rena, R. Impact of WTO policies on developing countries: issues and perspectives. Transnational Corporations Review (Canada), (2012)4(3):77-88. Web. The United States Bureau of Transport Statistics. Border Crossing Data – U.S-Mexico. Retrieved 26th March 2014. Web. Vogel, R.D. â€Å"The NAFTA Corridors: Off-shoring U.S. Transportation Jobs to Mexico†, in Monthly Review (Feb 2006), 57(9). Trujillo, L. Privatization and Regulation of the Seaport Industry. Retrieved 26th March 2014. Web.

Little Victories Build Writers :: Writing Authors Literature Essays

Little Victories Build Writers In Chapter 12 of Creating Writers, Spandel beautifully comments on page 364 that â€Å"little victories build writers,† (Spandel 2001). This statement, as short and simple as it may sound, was the underlying theme from this week’s readings, whether it entails mini-lessons on fiction, constant feedback and revision, or offering positive praise on students’ writing. It is the little corrections, little care, and the little ‘point in the right direction’ that helps students reach their potential as writers. There were so many anecdotes and examples Spandel offered her audience to demonstrate how important the quality and attitude comments are. I agree that feedback has been a booster and deterrent in my writing and I bet more than half our LLED class could concur. I especially loved the examples of negative feedback or â€Å"unconstructive feedback† that’s too general. â€Å"Be more concise, more specific, and needs work,† have been seen all too well. As educators, we must stop this! I refuse to become a teacher that students hate writing for. We must praise writers when they do well to increase their motivations and aspirations to become successful writers. I also greatly benefited from her suggestions to promote revision and student writing. Looking at a conference as a short â€Å"chat,† looking at the conference as a means to show the student you care about their writing, and using the conference for bouncing ideas off each other (one on one), are some great ideas. Peer review and peer edit are two other meaningful methods of writing assessment. I must admit, I didn’t think there was a definable difference between the two methods. I enjoyed her explanations of assigning letter grades to numeric- 6 trait grading. I was under the misconception that a 5=A, 4=B, 3=C and so on. Spandel clarified that well for me. However, I find her opinion of grading unrealistic. I feel students need competition and a goal. Sometimes it helps students if extrinsic goals compliment or spark the students’ intrinsic goals. Especially in an era of raising and testing for standards, grades are necessary and inevitable.

Macbeth :: essays research papers

In the Shakespearean play, MacBeth, A Scottish nobleman starts off by killing one man to become king but in the end has left a whole path of destruction behind him. MacBeth, is the main character who alongside his wife, Lady MacBeth, kills just to become king. Then kills again just so he can keep the throne, and once he becomes suspicious of another person he kills them. So I will try to show the advancement of MacBeth’s aggression. At first MacBeth is rather nervous to commit the first murder, and Lady M. isn’t affected but after that MacBeth begins to have no remorse. In the first 2 acts of the play, MacBeth, Lady M. keeps on urging MacBeth to kill Duncan, The king. So I will compare and contrast the beginning attitudes of MacBeth and L. MacBeth and as the story goes on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1.3 of MacBeth, MacBeth and Banquo meet the Weird Sisters and they greet MacBeth, “Thane of Glamis, Thane of Cawdor, and King hereafter.'; This is the beginning of the demise of MacBeth’s sanity. As the story goes on and MacBeth is at Duncan’s castle, 1.4, Duncan names his son, Malcolm, the new Prince of Cumberland, meaning he shall be king. MacBeth then says, “The Prince of Cumberland! That is a step on which I must fall down or else o’erleap, For in my way it lies. Stars, Hide your fires; Let not light see my black and deep desires.'; I think this is when he gets the first ideas of murder into his head. But when he goes home and tells L. MacBeth that Duncan is coming to stay for the night she says, “ O never, that sun shall morrow see.';(1.5) She is getting the same ideas of MacBeth of killing Duncan, but MacBeth begins to think it is a bad idea. And MacBeth even says, 1.7, “ We shall proceed no further in this busine ss.'; But L. MacBeth seems to want it more when she said back in 1.5, “ Come, you spirits, That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, and fill me to the toe top-full of direst cruelty.'; Implying that she wants to become cruel and evil enough to commit the deed herself. Finally in 2.2 MacBeth kills Duncan.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After the murder of Duncan MacBeth becomes real jittery and nervous. He shows his nervous he was when he was killing Duncan when he said he heard voices, “Sleep no more, MacBeth does murder sleep'; “Glamis hath murdered sleep, and therefore Cawdor.

General Cargo Ship

Defining a general cargo ship The term â€Å"general (multipurpose) cargo ships† covers many different ship designs that do not fi t into other more specialised cargo ship types. Thus, general cargo ships are not specialised for transport of only dry bulks, only containers or only heavy-lift cargoes, but they have flexibility to carry any of these cargo types. General cargo ships are the world’s most numerous ship types, excepting fishing vessels. Thus, in the year 2002 their share in the overall world merchant fleet amounted to about 37% in numbers and to about 11% in dwt.The average deadweight of the world fleet of general cargo ships is about 5600 dwt. Larger vessels, up to about 30000 dwt are intended to carry break-bulk cargo (bagged, boxed and palletised cargo) or containers, while small general cargo ships, usually below 5000 dwt are mostly found as flexible solutions for many dry-cargo types in shortsea shipping. The concern for structural safety of general carg o ships follows from the fact that during the period from 1995 to 2000 approximately 90 losses of these ships per year occurred, which in other words means one ship every 4 days, with 170 fatalities per year.Even 42% of losses of all merchant ships belong to general cargo ships and similar percentage is valid also for fatality experience. Despite these figures, general cargo ships are not considered in publicity as risky ships, probably because general cargo ship accidents are not as spectacular as for example accidents of oil tankers Erika or Prestige . There are several reasons for poor statistical records of general cargo ships. Ship ages, inappropriate maintenance, poor quality in operation of these ships and defi ciencies in design are some of the main causes of a large number of accidents.Smaller general cargo ships are particularly vulnerable to collision and grounding accidents because of their frequent operation in inland waterways and coastal waters. The general cargo ship consists of as large a clear open cargo-carrying space as possible, together with the facilities required for loading and unloading the cargo. Access to the cargo storage areas or holds is provided by openings in the deck called hatches. Hatches are made as large as strength considerations will allow to reduce horizontal movement of cargo within the ship.Hatch covers of wood or steel, as in most modern ships, are used to close the hatch openings when the ship is at sea. The hatch covers are made watertight and lie upon coamings around the hatch which are set some distance from the upper or weather deck to reduce the risk of flooding in heavy seas. One or more separate decks are fitted in the cargo holds and are known as tween decks. Greater flexibility in loading and unloading, together with cargo segregation and improved stability, are possible using the tween deck spaces. Various combinations of derricks, winches and deck cranes are used for the Handling of cargo.

“A Scrap of Paper” by Studdert Kennedy and Geoffrey Anketell Just a little scrap of paper

The poem I chose is called â€Å"A Scrap of Paper†. I believe that this poem is one of the world’s best and most interesting poems I’ve ever read, and even though it’s short, it leaves a lot for the reader to think about. The poem was written around the time of the First World War, and that is what I think it is about: a person who has received a letter saying that they have lost a loved one in war. Although the poem is short, there is not a lack of rhetorical devices. Imagery is common throughout the poem. In the first line, the description of the â€Å"little scrap of paper† sets up a vivid mental image for the reader. This paper isn’t overly valuable and not something that is important, yet to the recipient family, it is the most priceless artifact. It is â€Å"just a little scrap of paper† which the reader can now see. When I read this I think of an older looking piece of paper that probably is crinkled. I think the word â€Å"just† adds to the imagery. The word â€Å"just† is similar to â€Å"only†, which demeans value. It’s only one scrap of paper. In the second line, literal imagery is present in the description of the â€Å"yellow envelope†. This literal imagery leads into more figurative imagery. The reader of the poem now has some information to set up the setting of where and when they think the poem is being placed. For me, I see a house with a lady standing on the front porch holding the envelope in one hand and the little scrap of paper in the other. The colour of the envelope adds irony and contrast to the tone of the poem. The colour yellow is rarely affiliated with sadness, which is definitely present in this poem. Yellow is often seen as a colour that brings joy, happiness, energy and, many may even argue, hope. This is ironic because the contents within this yellow envelope is none of the above. These happy emotions associated with the colour yellow are polar opposites from what lies within the envelope. I think that this was done intentionally by the poets to make the sadness of the letter that much greater. The choice of the word â€Å"scrap† to describe the piece of paper was also a meaningful choice done by the poets. They could have used a different denotation, such as: â€Å"a piece of paper†. Using the word â€Å"scrap† sets a harsher tone and shows that the conditions of where the letter is from (theoretically from where the war was taking place) are not in a good condition. The scrap piece of paper symbolizes loss of hope. When there is no scrap piece of paper the families are bottled up with hope that their loved one will come home after the war. When the letter gets sent to the houses of loved ones, this hope is immediately lost as they will never see their loved one again. There are many rhetorical devices present in the poem â€Å"A Scrap of Paper† that help the reader enhance the underlying messages and meanings in the poem. There are also some sound devices used in the poem. The poem itself is a rhyming poem. It follows the pattern abcb. A common trend in poems about war, death, and other tragedies seems to be rhyming. Rhymes can help to lighten the mood of the poem and add a nice rhythm to the piece. The couplet of words that rhyme are â€Å"envelope† and â€Å"hope†. There are two very distinct types of connections between these words which is seen in their own context. In the context of this poem, these words contrast each other. This envelope does not associate with hope, it is the opposite. In general context, envelopes can often bring hope to people. There is always an element of surprise attached along with envelopes since one is often unsure of the contents within. The use of consonance is present in the quote â€Å"scrap of paper†. There is a repetition of the letter â€Å"p†. The use of the sound device consonance generally adds a harsh and â€Å"dark† tone. This tone goes along with the theme of war. In conclusion, the sound devices used in the poem â€Å"A Scrap of Paper† help to enhance the theme and meaning of the poem. The saying â€Å"quality, not quantity† is definitely applicable to this poem. The first time I read the poem over, I thought there was no way that this poem is exemplary to be one of the world’s best poems. After analyzing it more thoroughly, I realized my initial opinion was very wrong. I think that’s what the poets were hoping the reader would think. The length of a poem does not limit it’s depth and meaning and this was effectively proved while analyzing this poem. The simplicity and shortness also allows the reader to make their own assumptions. I think that this is a good quality for a poem to have. The definite results are not â€Å"set in stone†, so the reader can make their own connections with the poem. It is evident that every detail was considered while making this poem and that’s why I believe it is one of the world’s best poems.

Molecular Geometry

Molecular Geometry I – Investigation using Models (SL) (DCP Lab) Taksh Shah KIS International School Chemistry (SL) 1 Introduction For this investigation we had use molecular models and make the following structures: Symbol Name of Species Lewis Diagram Model Bond Polar or Angle (Â °) Non-Polar BeCl2 Beryllium Chloride Linear 180 Non-Polar C2H2 Acetylene Linear 180 Non- Polar BF3 Boron Tri? uoride Planar Triangle 120 Non- Polar C2H4 Ethylene Planar Triangle 120 Non-Polar Molecular Geometry I- Investigation using Models (SL) Chemistry (SL) Symbol 2 Name of Species Lewis DiagramModel Bond Polar or Angle (Â °) Non-Polar CH4 Methane Tetrahederal 109. 5 Non-Polar NH3 Ammonia Trigonal Pyramid 107 Polar H2O Water Bent / VShape 104. 5 Polar SO2 Sulfur Dioxide Bent / VShape 104. 5 Polar 120 Polar or NonPolar Planar C2H2Cl2 Dichloroethene Triangle (Carbon) Tetrahederal (Carbon) C2H6O Ethanol V-Shaped (Oxygen) Molecular Geometry I- Investigation using Models (SL) HCH Bond = 109. 5 COH = 104. 5 Polar Chemistry (SL) 3 Explanation Symbol BeCl2 C2H2 BF3 Structure It’s Linear because it has 2 Bond Paris and 0 Lone Paris It’s Linear because it has 2 Areas of negative harge around the Carbons and 0 Lone Paris It’s a Planar Triangle because it has 3 Bonding Pairs and 0 Lone Pairs Shape Polarity With the angle being 180Â ° Non-Polar because it has the Molecular Shape polar bonds and is becomes Linear symmetrical With the angle being 180Â ° Non-Polar because it has the Molecular Shape polar bonds and is becomes Linear symmetrical With the angle being 120Â ° Non-Polar because it has the Molecular Shape polar bonds and is becomes a Planar Triangle symmetrical It’s a Planar Triangle because it has 3 Areas of CH4 NH3 H2O SO2 Non-Polar because it has the Molecular Shape olar bonds and is Lone Pairs C2H4 With the angle being 120Â ° negative charge around the Carbons Pairs and 0 becomes a Planar Triangle symmetrical With the angle being 109. 5Â ° Non-Polar because it has It’s a Tetrahedral because it has 4 Bonding Paris and 0 Lone Pairs It’s a Trigonal Pyramid because it has 3 Bonding Paris and 1 Lone Pairs It’s a Bent/V-Shape because it has 2 Bonding Pairs and 2 Lone Pairs It’s a Bent/V-Shape because it has 3 Areas of positive charge around Sulphur and 1 Lone Pairs the Molecular Shape polar bonds and is becomes a Tetrahedral symmetrical With the angle being 107Â °Polar because it has polar the Molecular Shape bonds and is non- becomes a Trigonal Pyramid symmetrical With the angle being 104. 5Â ° Polar because it has polar the Molecular Shape bonds and is non- becomes a Bent/V-Shape symmetrical With the angle being 104. 5Â ° Polar because it has polar the Molecular Shape bonds and is non- becomes a Bent/V-Shape symmetrical Polar because it has polar bonds and is nonsymmetrical It’s a Planar Triangle because it has 3 areas of C2H2Cl2 negative charge around the Carbon atoms and 0 Lone Pair s With the angle being 120Â ° the Molecular Shape or becomes a Planar TriangleNon-Polar because it has non-polar bonds and is symmetrical Molecular Geometry I- Investigation using Models (SL) Chemistry (SL) Symbol 4 Structure Shape Polarity With the angle being 109. 5Â ° It’s a Tetrahedral (Carbon) because it has 4 the Molecular Shape Bonding Paris and 0 Lone Pairs becomes a Tetrahedral (Carbon) C2H6O It’s a Bent/V-Shape (Oxygen) because it has 2 Bonding Pairs and 2 Lone Pairs bonds and is nonWith the angle being 104. 5Â ° the Molecular Shape becomes a Bent/V-Shape (Oxygen) Molecular Geometry I- Investigation using Models (SL) Polar because it has polar symmetrical

Passionate geography teacher

Since an early age I have been fascinated by Geography and during my last few old ages at school I have been inspired by a truly passionate geographics instructor. The more I found out about the topic, the more interesting it appeared to me. I was captivated by how in Geography, scientific discipline interlinked with art, and the natural environment interlinked with the human society. Hence, without vacillation I decided to prosecute a grade in Geography. I have already proven my abilities and my echt involvement for this topic as I am already a 2nd twelvemonth geographics pupil at Vilnius University, which is one of the best universities in Lithuania. The grade is disputing but at the same clip it is honoring as I am passionate about the topic. Not merely have I gained good theoretical background, but I have besides already developed some practical accomplishments used in mapmaking, geomorphology, weather forecasting every bit good as the information analysis necessary for recreational and touristry geographics. Thankss to my university surveies I have acquired a better apprehension of the natural environment. Last twelvemonth we undertook a Geomorphology field class, during which we were look intoing the land conditions to acquire a better apprehension of the formation of the soils nowadays in a wood. We besides researched the consequence of the clime alteration on the landscape. [ ( ? ? ? ) ] It was one of the most interesting parts of my class, as I had the chance to use my theoretical cognition and I besides learnt much about the land formation. [ ( ? ? ? ) . ] I enjoy traveling to seminars and discoursing about the issues that the universe and geographers are confronting. This is assisting me to understand the environment as a whole every bit good as my ain function within the universe. From the beginning of my grade I have been actively engaged in assorted facets of university life. I am a portion of the organizational and societal activities commission at our Students ‘ Union. I play a great function in organizing societal events, negotiations and developing. Most of this engagement has been as portion of assorted squads, which has non merely helped me develop my interpersonal accomplishments but besides improved my organizational accomplishments. I have ever been passionate about athleticss and have therefore taken portion in assorted sportive activities runing from swimming to hiting and have taken portion in school and university athletics competitions. I have won several decorations and my dedication for athleticss has helped me develop my squad working accomplishments every bit good as heightening my continuity. These accomplishments are critical for my university surveies and for my future professional calling. Recently, I realised that my current university is unable to suit my demands. My private research has shown that higher ( ? ? ? ) instruction in the United Kingdom offers greater learning quality and more chances for their pupils. Besides, the alumnus chances for natural scientific disciplines are significantly better than in Lithuania. Analyzing in England would besides be an first-class opportunity for me to broaden my skyline, experience cultural diverseness, and run into new people. It would be an priceless experience for me and would surely be an of import plus for my future calling. As I have studied English at school for 9 old ages and have been taking it as portion of my current grade, I am confident that analyzing in English would non present any hurdlings for me. Since the beginning of my grade I have ne'er regretted of taking Geography. Hence, there is no uncertainty in my head that I want to go on analyzing it. However, due to the differences in the course of study of English and Lithuanian universities I believe that the best option for me would be to get down my surveies once more from the first twelvemonth.

HS630 week 6 Conf 2nd Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HS630 week 6 Conf 2nd - Essay Example Usually in event of an incident people involved do not know what they should do. There is lack of communication and panic which results in misguided employees. Without setting objectives or goals, it is not possible to fight any disaster situation whatsoever. An important aspect of management by objective is to ensure that management and employees are on the same page, and everyone is aware of what is expected of them. This is even important in incident management as everyone should know what their job is when fighting a disaster. When this element of management by objective is not applied correctly what usually happens is that there is disconnect between management and employees. Goals are set by management only and input from employees is not taken. Employees are just communicated what is expected of them without listening to them. This causes problems because employees might not even have the resources or capabilities to do what is expected of them. The incorrect application of management by objective therefore creates more problems than it solves. Employees feel helpless as they are being asked to do something that is impossible. Completely ignoring this element results only in total mayhem as people will have no guidance as to what they should do. When people are not aware of their responsibilities or their objectives then there cannot be a unified command which is essential in incident management. Orders should flow from a unified command so that there is no confusion about the roles and responsibilities and objectives. When management by objective is applied all employees are taken on board and their input and opinions are taken before setting goals for them. Objectives should be set in a way that employees agree to them and only then they will be motivated to work towards those goals. Any hurricane or massive accident in the transportation sector can result in

Performance Management Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Performance Management Paper - Essay Example The self-assessment process allows the organization to discern clearly its strengths and areas in which improvements can be made and culminates in planned improvement actions that are monitored for progress" (Bohigas and Heaton, 2000). EFQM Excellence Model aims to select and award a confirmation of high quality health care provision to institutions or services which achieved excellence. To apply for the EFQM, a health care service provides data of activities derived from its self-assessment according to EFQM's nine award assessment criteria. These nine award assessment criteria are as follows: "leadership, people, policy and strategy, partnership and resources, processes, people results, customer results, society results, and key performance results" (http://www.proveandimprove.org/new/tools/index.php). The use of the Model could be facilitated in small groups and even possible for one individual. Good rapport among the stakeholders will ease the process as each will be involved in some ways with the Model. To be effective, management and organization heads needs to be actively involved. As the staff becomes familiar with the system of the model, self-assessment against the Model can be completed very quickly - within days for a very basic assessment. It can also be used as a "diagnostic tool" because areas for action are given emphasis. With tWith the models varying approaches: "questionnaire, matrix chart, workshop, pro-forma, and quality award simulation", an organization can set up their own assessment to fit specific structure of the organization. For emphasis, the following statements from http://www.proveandimprove.org/new/tools/index.php will be cited. "A lot of the success of the model is in changing the way people think, looking for links between

Homework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Homework - Essay Example The second video explains the bot attacks; the first potential attack is Distributed Denial of Services (DDOS) can be activated by sending a huge amount of traffic b from many bots herders on the victim’s computer so that the customers cannot access the online server. The video explains the second attack named Command Line Control through an Rlogin server in easy to understand method. Further, the video talks about the third bot attack known as Spying on Zombies. The video makes you understand regarding spying the victim’s computer through a key-logger, packet sniff, capturing screenshots etc. The third part of the video emphasis on defenses your system from the potential threat of botnet by keeping bots out, mute bots and detecting the bots activities. The video explains to install firebox, upgrading patch promptly, using antivirus with auto-update, using firebox proxies and GAV, and training of the professionals and users for keeping bots out of your computer system. Organizations can mute and detect activities of bots as well by configuring the firebox appropriately as explained in the video. The article titled â€Å"Microsoft disrupts Nitol botnet spreading on counterfeit Windows PCs† written by Lee Mathews and published on 13th September, 2012. The article explains that the digital crime unit of the Microsoft identified enormous botnet and they have taken control of the domains as per instructions of the court order. The report from the Microsoft’s digital crime unit notifies a malicious attack of Nitol, the botnet. It classifies that the domain Nitol, 3322.org along with over 70,000 subdomains have been found to be affected by 500 different malware. Following the court orders, Peng Yong, a Chinese businessman surrendered, giving not only the DNS control of Nitol but also the effecting domains to Microsoft, allowing them to filter the incoming and outgoing traffic for the security of users from the suspected attack by Nitol, and other malware from 3322.org and other sub-domains. At this time, the action taken by Microsoft was not as vigorous as against Waledac, Kalihos or Rustock. Because the investigation teams vigilant the Microsoft while investigating the problems of illegal Windows Installation in China, that more than 20% of the systems have pre-installed unnecessary software including, but not limited to HP or Toshiba-style software bloat. It was the thing as Microsoft suspected from Nitol botnet, developed catastrophic malware that could not only able producing spam and redirect DNS requests but also proliferate through flash drives. http://www.geek.com/articles/news/microsoft-disrupts-nitol-botnet-spreading-on-counterfeit-windows-pcs-20120913/ The student has summarized the article titled â€Å"Botnet Masters Hide Command and Control Server inside the Tor Network†, by Lucian Constantin. The student has spectacularly discussed the article regarding research of Germans as they found a botnet t hat is hidden in the Tor secrecy network. The botnet can operate on an Internet Relay chat server and it has advantages as well as disadvantages. According to them, it is hard to find its specific location so that is very difficult to locate and shut down. A signal is sent to another computer from the user’s computer, when one uses Tor for internet access.

An outline marketing plan for the next year for Atlantic Quench302 Essay

An outline marketing plan for the next year for Atlantic Quench302 - Essay Example marketing plan for the company has been developed based on achieving a differentiation competitive advantage by launching a new product in new markets. Although the competitive nature of the juice and nectar segment makes the selected process a risky affair but considering the position of other big brands in the market Atlantic Quench have to act fast and in a steady manner. The marketing plan for Atlantic Quench has the primary objective of getting a jump start by selling 3340000 units of their new product in the target markets i.e. UK, As Atlantic Quench have already created an alliance with Gerber their distribution channel is supported. Moreover, the variety in the product base and the health conscious products of Atlantic Quench will attract consumers towards them. The brand awareness process of Atlantic Quench will be based on their promotional activities with the help of television, leaflet distribution and online advertisements. Also creating alliances and mergers with local distribution channels will help the company to get in direct touch with their consumer base and understand their needs and requirements. It can be observed that the marketing planning process of Atlantic Quench has been designed in a manner so that all the functional aspects are inter-connected and aligned with the overall aim of the business plan. Following the implications of the marketing plan, the budget has been developed which fulfils the necessity of generating a jumpstart for the new product in the target market. The budget development process will also be used for controlling and monitoring the entire marketing planning process by focusing on performance of individual variables of the budget. Global market forces like changing customer’s preference, consolidation and the impact of increased government regulation in business strategy has drives out an incessant evolution in beverage and food industry (Brodie and Danaher, 2000). Non alcoholic beverage like, fruit juice, tea,

The Importance of Marketing Department in Telecommunication Business Essay

The Importance of Marketing Department in Telecommunication Business - Essay Example Analysis of the key factors of a successful marketing plan will be part of the study. The report will try to understand potentiality of target market from the view point of product centric segmentation. Finally the study will try to prove the importance of marketing department to create a successful business strategy.Marketing Department.Every organization needs a well designed marketing department to create brand equity among customers. Strategic marketing works as a deciding force for a company to survive in hyper competitive business environment. Marketing works as a promotional and distribution tool for company. Marketing strategy differs according to the nature of product. Marketing department of any company focuses on four things to create a successful offering which can be classified as 1-Product (manufacturing product, maintaining the quality standard of product, optimum utilization of resources during production process), 2- Price (deciding the price of the product in accord ance with the demand among customers, setting high price or low price for the product is an important part of pricing strategy), 3-Place (designing distribution network for the product. Company creates distribution network to expand the reach of the product.... Above the line promotion and below the line promotion is part of advertising strategy). Marketing strategy for service industry comprises of additional three types of activities. 1-People (customer relationship management plays a cordial role to increase customer base for any particular brand. Staff of the company is the important assets for any company. They are responsible for providing value for money services to customers and they can help the company to increase service efficiency), 2- Process- (company needs to maintain a proper system of service delivery to be successful in long run. Companies take help of different software systems like RFID, Enterprise Resource Planning, Tally, Oracle to deliver efficient service to customers, 3- Physical Evidence (well designed interior of service delivery place creates a positive brand image of the company from the view point of aesthetics. Restaurants use physical evidences to create the wow factor among customers. Chinese restaurants in America use dragon framework to design interior of the food store. They do it to increase visibility factor of the service among customers). A business can not fulfill demand of all customers due to lack of resources (Financial, Human Resource, Technology etc). For this reason any company needs to identify their potential customer. Segregating the whole customer group into smaller division with more or less common requirements and further filtering down customers in terms of their potentiality (purchase power, urgency of requirement, buying behavior) is known as segmenting and targeting. Perception of a brand in the mind of customer is known as

Bible As Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bible As Literature - Essay Example It is also very rich in literary forms that can develop a student's appreciation and analysis of literature. The study of the bible can also help students practice their respect for each other's beliefs by analyzing the books within an impartial academic context that sets aside emotionality. Studying the bible can be very beneficial to students not only for learning about literature but also about life in general. Any legal or educational system builds its foundations from a set of moral values. In fact, Harvard, Yale and Princeton were schools established to teach young men to be pastors and America's children were once generally schooled with the Christian moral values that upheld respect for authority figures like parents and disapproval of sin. ("Cause and Effect," n.d.) Studying the bible as literature can help students identify, appreciate, and implement moral values that can be very beneficial not only to them but to the country itself. regarding the authenticity of the story of creation but the narration about the life of its characters provide clues as to how man had lived in the past. If the genealogy of its characters is to be examined, the bible's information dates back to 4223 years before Jesus Christ was born. (Petrie, n.d.) Its pages write about the culture and beliefs of people who lived through many different eras that can help students appreciate history. There is a great chance that more people have heard about the bible but not read it yet if one turns to the printed text as a shaper of reading, one can truly go further. (Norton, 2000, p. 78) People frequently read the bible in religious perspective yet many artistic forms of writing abound in it. The bible is rich in similes, metaphors, metonymy, synecdoche, personification, anthropomorphism, apostrophes, ironies, hyperboles, euphemisms, litotes, pleonasm, ellipses, zeugma, aposiopesis, allegories, riddles, symbols, narratives, tragedies, poetry, parallelisms, oratories, epistles, etc. Throughout the books of the bible, students can read many samples of literary forms that can help hone their skills in analysis of literature. ("Literary Forms in the bible," n.d.) Studying the bible as literature can help students appreciate their religious differences without emotional involvement. Many different religions have interpreted the bible in their own perspectives and these analyses have even lead to the birth of many other religious sects. Should the bible be studied for its moral values and literary form, students can learn to respect diversity because the books are treated academically instead of spiritually which can be very personal. Teaching Through the bible One of the problems encountered by some students today reveals some professors who cannot help themselves from using the course on bible literature to impose their own religious beliefs. The bible must remain as a learning tool by ensuring that professors are impartial to it. The National Council on Bible Curriculum's web site

Erich Korngold Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Erich Korngold - Essay Example Carroll calls him "a remarkable child prodigy composer" and supports this with a quote by Strauss. On the other hand, Palmer does not go overboard with words and maintains balanced critique; he writes of Korngold as continuing "to compose prolifically, and with great success," throughout his teens, and later remarks that his works like Die Kathrin received "less critical acclaim and failed to gain a foothold in the repertory." Thus Palmer's article is quite succinct in praise. While Palmer ends his article with a comment on Korngold's strong points and deficiencies, Carroll end the article on a highly charged note of positive praise, raising Korngold's stature to a "once forgotten classic composer" now regaining his popularity posthumously. An interesting revelation in comparison is that Palmer seems to have almost paraphrased Carroll's words; "and have ensured the renewed and growing interest"as in Carroll's own words it appears as "after decades of neglect, a gradual reawakening of interest.increasingly popular." Now turning to the third article appeared in New Grove's Dictionary of music and musician Carroll seems to have re-written most of the parts of this article from his earlier version. Added to that, he seems to have bettered his chronological references to the works and achievements of Korngold. Also, Carroll's assessment of Korngold's compositions for Hollywood is rather detailed in technicalities. One would strongly fee... Added to that, he seems to have bettered his chronological references to the works and achievements of Korngold. Also, Carroll's assessment of Korngold's compositions for Hollywood is rather detailed in technicalities. As is obvious in Carroll's earlier articles on Korngold, the critic has high praise for the musician and hails him as a composer of "lush" style and praises his music as having "vibrant sensuousness." One would strongly feel that Carroll's intention is to ensure that Korngold is glorified and added to the cannon of world renowned classical composers, while Palmer restrains from overtures of high-flying praise. Palmer's article is more "academic" in nature as the references are acceptable. Though both critics have categories of similarity, like noting Korngold's landmark achievements and his gradual fame, in Hollywood, Palmer does seem more truthful in his article while Carroll's use of positive and superlative adjectives make him seem as being an international cannonizer lobbying for Korngold's position. Conclusion: Based on the representation by Palmer and Carroll in their articles, it is trustworthy to believe Palmer who has tried to represent Korngold's work in words the way a painter paints a picture of nature, the way he sees it, where as Carroll has tried to add some flavor to his

If Age And Gender Play A Role In Staying Healthy Or Gaining Weight Essay

If Age And Gender Play A Role In Staying Healthy Or Gaining Weight - Essay Example This is because women have a lower resting metabolic rate more than men who burn a lot of energy when they are resting. This means that men need extra calories for maintaining their body weight more than women need. However, the research indicates that, in most cases, women gain more weight than men after menopause because the metabolic rate for women decreases considerably. RESEARCH QUESTION Does age and gender play a role in staying healthy or gaining weight? METHODS The research was conducted by employing qualitative research design for data collection. It also involved some participant of different age group brackets and a different gender. The research employed an effective procedure through using different apparatus in order to achieve the intended results. Participants The researcher included varied age group brackets that were selected from different gender groups. For instance, those who participated in the research study included 27 women and 23 men from different areas. The selected age of women and men were from the age of 35 and above. Among these groups, there were 15 children aging from 10-15 and 10 youths aging from 18- 35. The participants came from various schools and people from the community surrounding the chosen schools. The researcher chose the participants through random sampling on the targeted study area. The research study employed qualitative research design method in collecting information to reveal in case gender and age play significant roles in maintaining health. ... Moreover, the current study indicates that gender is a risk factor for healthy determination. For instance, women tend to gain weight faster than men (Mokdad 2003, p. 76). This is because women have lower resting metabolic rate more than men who burn a lot of energy when they are resting. This means that men need extra calories for maintaining their body weight more than women need. However, the research indicates that, in most cases, women gain more weight than men after menopause because the metabolic rate for women decreases considerably. RESEARCH QUESTION Does age and gender play a role in staying healthy or gaining weight? METHODS The research was conducted through employing qualitative research design for data collection. It also involved some participant of different age group brackets and different gender. The research employed an effective procedure through using different apparatus in order to achieve the intended results. Participants The researcher included varied age gro up brackets that were selected from different gender groups. For instance, those who participated in the research study included 27 women and 23 men from different areas. The selected age of women and men were from the age of 35 and above. Among these groups, there were 15 children aging from 10-15 and 10 youths aging from 18- 35. The participants came from various schools and people from the community surrounding the chosen schools. The researcher chose the participants through random sampling on the targeted study area. Qualitative Research Design The research study employed qualitative research design method in collecting information to reveal in case gender and age play significant roles in maintaining health. Qualitative research design is one of the effective methods employed by

Amoled Technology Essay Example for Free

Amoled Technology Essay Since 2001, funded by national and european programs, the Institute is developing new research lines focused on molecular magnets, molecular opto-electronic devices, molecular machines and supraand supermolecular structures with long lived electron transfer processes. The IcMol has employed more than 100 scientific researchers and is based at the Valencia University Campus. The Institute presents the most advanced systems for the preparation and characterization of organic light emitting diodes, organic solar cells and other molecule based opto-electronic devices. Main tasks in the project are the following: †¢ Preparation of p and n type solution processable charge injection layers †¢ Wet processing of optically or electronically active small molecules †¢ Hybrid and standard device preparation and characterization www. uv. es www. icmol. es Appendix 5:CombOLED Project, Partners Leti Leti is a CEA laboratory located in Grenoble which is one of the main European applied research centres in electronics. More than 85% of its activity is devoted to research that is conducted with outside partners. We are a partner to the industrial world, with 200 collaborators and 350 contracts a year. Leti has led to the creation of almost 30 start-ups in high-technology, including Soitec, the world leader in Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI). We files some 180 patents a year and manage a portfolio of 1,000 inventions protected by patents. Our main areas of activity are as follows: †¢Micro-and nano-technologies for microelectronics, †¢ Technologies, design and integration of microsystems, †¢ Imaging technologies, †¢ Micro- and nano-technologies for biology and health, †¢ Communication technologies and nomad objects. Leti is endowed with an annual budget of 174 Mâ‚ ¬ and employs 1,000 people with, in addition, more than 500 external collaborators (postgraduates, research partners and industrialists). We have 11,000m? of clean rooms, an equipment portfolio worth 200 Mâ‚ ¬ and we invest more than 40 Mâ‚ ¬ a year on new equipment. Leti is one of the main forces behind Minatec ®, Europe’s premier Centre of Excellence in Microand Nano-technologies. In the future Minatec ® is destined to bring together more than 4,000 researchers, industrialists and teaching staff in Grenoble. www-leti. cea. fr Appendix 5:CombOLED Project, Partners PPML PPML is one of the first European companies that are investing in OLED applications. PPML was born in 2005 with the aim to become the excellence in manufacturing OLED based solutions. Having collected a wide database of feasible applications, PPML is currently working in the deployment of some prototypes and general demonstrator in partnership with OSRAM-OS and with the aim to launch the first solutions in parallel with OLED introduction into the lighting market. PPML will contribute to CombOLED project leading the dissemination activities in order to accelerate OLED penetration to the final users. For this reason, PPML will lead a wide dissemination campaign through known channels like the organization of a specific Design Contest and special Workshops with the major European Design School. www. ppml. it Appendix 5:CombOLED Project, Partners Schreiner Group Innovation, Quality, Performance and Enthusiasm are the values of Schreiner Group based in Oberschleissheim near Munich. The family-owned business develops, designs and produces high-tech products. As certified system suppliers and development partners, seven specialized divisions offer a comprehensive range of innovative products and customized solutions. Schreiner ProTech delivers individual solutions for self-adhesive markings and functional components for engineering industries. Schreiner MediPharm focuses on self-adhesive products for medical technology and pharmaceuticals. Schreiner ProSecure offers a wide range of counterfeit-proof solutions for authenticity and value protection. Schreiner LogiData specializes in data carriers, transponders and complete systems based on RFID technology. Schreiner VarioLight develops and produces printed electronics, in particular high-grade electroluminescent lamps with electronic power supply and control components. Schreiner Systems offers complete solutions from consulting support and development of specifications, to delivery and installation of hard- and software, all the way to after-sales service. Schreiner Labels designs and produces labels for product marking and advertising. Schreiner Groups experience in printing electronic devices stems from various products including antennas, capacitive sensors and electroluminescent lamps.

Early childhood care and education

Early childhood care and education The purpose of this essay is to first of all analyse the historical and political underpinning of social injustice of early childhood education. Then, I will define cultural identity and demonstrate awareness of the ways in which childrens cultural identities impact in both their access to early care and education and any benefits they may gain from it. Then I will examine my own practice in order to address inequalities there and finally critically evaluate a wide range of research related to this topic. Early childhood care and education has apparently been based on an important topic such as social justice. It has mainly focused on children from poorer backgrounds, and been directed by two theories right from the beginning. The first is that the home is the main environment for care and education of children to occur, this is provided by the parents, siblings, relatives and family friends. The second option is an early years environment where children are taught through forming positive relations and learning experiences which will help them to be good and law abiding members of their society. Nevertheless, because the perception of the poor was that they were not just coping with poverty; they were also thought of as been deprived of their social and cultural aspects of their lives. This instigated the provision of nurseries outside the homes with the view of providing quality care for the children (Bloch, 1987). According to Cater and Goodwin (1994) there are three paradigms which have to be considered when exploring the social, economic and political history of early childhood care and education? These are the inferiority paradigm; the deficit or cultural deprived paradigm; and cultural difference paradigm. The inferiority paradigm is based on speculation that a certain race is genetically and biologically inferior to the white race. The culturally deprived paradigm is composed of racial, cultural, linguistic and socioeconomically diverse people to a white middle-class. The cultural difference paradigm is based on the influence of cultural differences on the lives, experiences and identities of diverse groups in ways that make them very special. All three paradigms have contributed to the preparation and running of the early years curriculum and early childhood policies. The inferiority paradigm was evident in the 18th and 19th century when the curriculum focused on spiritual salvation and moral development during Sunday schools, infant and primary schools where the poor and deprived children attended (Bloch, 1987; Nourot, 2005). This was to mould and shape the children to be law abiding citizens as those in charge of the institutions felt the mothers were failing them in their nurturing. Church missionaries funded crà ¨ches to assist the influx of immigrants from mostly Africa. In addition, Tyack (1974) informs us that these early years settings were run by rich white business men who held a view of certain morals so they used Christianity to glorify the study of values of dead rural traditions. The 1960s saw the war on poverty as a sign of the culturally deprived paradigm. This was because sociologists put forward a suggestion that it was in the best interest of the child to gain experiences at school as the home environment was not conducive. They therefore proposed that educators should create experiences in schools that would counter the effects of deprivation Cater Goodwin, 1994, p. 298). The cultural difference paradigm was picked up on by scientists in the early to mid 20th century. They raised issues to the fact that being of colour does not mean one is mad, but they are aware of the importance of their beliefs that clearly defines their culture. Multicultural education and the means of teaching cultural awareness are examples of cultural difference paradigm. The two actions did awaken practitioners in the field of childcare with regards to the awful treatment the children of colour have endured and that by accepting and bringing together their culture into the curriculum can improve and benefit them in their learning and achieving success (Carter Goodwin, 1994). Consequently, these paradigms have influenced development and how services are offered to children today. Needless to say in the 21st century the effect of childcare though is child- centred, there is still interest on the disadvantaged who need policies to improve their lives, hence the Green Paper Every Child Matters (DfEE, 2003b). This is to ensure every child reaches their full potential by being safe, enjoy and achieve, economical well being, make a positive contribution and being healthy. Furthermore, the introduction of the Special Educational Needs Code of Practice and Special Educational Needs and Disability Act ( DfEE, 2001) which deals with identification assessment and provision in the early years education settings all of which are expected to have regard to the Code of Practice. Another policy which has swept the UK by storm has been from the influence of Reggio Emilia from Italy and Te Whariki from New Zealand which has had some influence on the Early Years Foundation Stage. More so the Te Whariki as it also a government led initiative intended to work with children of diverse groups. Its take on holistic view of the child and empowerment of the child and family and the fact that the family is at the heart of the well-being of the child has captured the mind of the UK government as they seek ways of improving childcare and education in Britain. Britain is and has always been a multicultural society, which is evident as before it became United Kingdom. The history of slavery confirms that Africans were in Britain before the arrival of the Anglo-Saxon (Fryer, 1984). India was also associated with Britain over 10,000 years (Visram, 1986). Due to mass immigration from many parts of the world children come from diverse backgrounds into nurseries and schools. It is therefore very important that practitioners first of all learn to respect these children and then teach them to respect each other irrespective of disability, gender, skin colour, religion and beliefs or economic background. It is crucial that practitioners see children as part of society because they are vulnerable and need adults to care for them, value and protect them. This can be addressed when early years practitioners work in partnership with parents. The research of Siraj-Blatchford (1996) for the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) believe in schools having close contacts with parents. In my previous school, we made home visits before the children start in order to meet with the parents of the prospective child and the rest of the family. This is an opportunity to chat informally and gather information about the child, likes and dislikes in terms of food and things they like to do or not, as well as any medical concerns, dietary requirement and many more. It is also an opportunity to learn about the childs culture and language used at home and to make an initial assessment of what they are capable of. Above all this is the time when the practitioners and parents or carers establish mutual trust and identify any infringing barriers which can upset the childs development. Even though the nursery has an open-door policy for the parents to visit whenever without prior arrangements, if they take the initiative unannounced the teacher in charge gets cross which instantly creates a barrier and it goes against the policy. According to research children learn about their feelings from the way people treat them. If children are treated with love and respect, they gain a positive feeling about themselves and like to please the adults in their environment and work hard to be successful. However, if on the contrary they are treated poorly or know the adults in their environment do not appreciate their presence, they will feel down and have low self esteem and not make any attempt of striving to achieve anything in their lifes but see themselves as failures. This is in relation to my presentation regarding is my setting inclusive of children with social emotional and behaviour difficulties. Before children start nursery or school they have developed a culture in their homes where customs and traditions have been part of their lives so as practitioners we have a duty to know of the various cultures they come from. What is culture? It is about attitudes and values underpinning patterns of tradition and custom which determines everyday aspects of life, such as: role of men and women, bringing up children, language, how we eat, wash and care, furnish homes, religion, dance, music, art, literature, festivals and attitude to death and dying (Griffin, 2008). As culture is of great importance to the children and their families, we can unconsciously or without thinking create problems for the child through ignorance of the exact details regarding maybe their religion and other aspects of their culture. Therefore, we as early years educators have to be aware of the legislations and guidance which set out the framework of our responsibilities. An example is the Race relation Act of 1976 which is aimed to protect people from being discriminated against. Next, is the Childrens Act 1989 and Care Standard 2000 which set out for the registration and inspection of early years provision. The Equality Act 2006 made it illegal to discriminate in providing services based on the ground of religion. Subsequently, the Childcare Act 2006 requires an effective implementation of policies on equal opportunities and how a nursery is advocating diversity and differences. Children have basic human rights which according to Maslows hierarchy of needs are food, water, shelter, love and care, safety and protection. Because children have not got a voice they need other forms of protection as they are vulnerable and unable to ensure those who care for them take the responsibility to keep them safe. Notably the UN Convention specifies the rights of the child with regard to childcare and education that, children have the right to be with their family or those who care best for them, to provide enough food and clean water for their needs, adequate standard of living, health care, to play, kept safe, special care and training, not used as cheap workers or soldiers and to have a right to free education. In order for children to learn and develop well the provision has to adhere to standard 18 of the Guidance to the Standards for the award of Early Years Professionals Status (EYPS) which states that; EYPs commitment is to having strategies in place to meet the needs of all children, advocating for and upholding their rights and actively promoting equality of opportunity and anti-discriminatory practice. These are key to improving outcomes for children. In support of children to have admission to a quality provision there has to be equality of opportunity policy in place which will outline the admission criteria. This means opening up the right of entry for every child and their family so that they can make a full contribution in the educational settings. It is therefore important for practitioners and early years workers in every establishment to work according to the principles of equality and inclusive practice; these should be at the focal point of every setting. Seeing that early years workers are responsible for ensuring equal opportunities within their educational settings, it is very important that we support the children in our care to have the need to feel they belong in the nursery, as it is often the first establishment the child joins. Subsequently it is fundamental that the families are made to feel welcomed and to experience a sense of belonging. The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) say, All families are important and should be welcomed and valued in all settings. In practice this is evident on entering the main entrance of the school I work at, there are displays of welcome posters in all the languages spoken by the children who attend. There is always a member of staff to greet the children and their parents on arrival; this gives them an opportunity to discuss any concerns or a share interest of their child. Equally during registration the children are encouraged to respond to their names in their first language. Furthermore, the school encourages parents of children in the upper years to befriend the newly arrived through the organization of coffee mornings or after school activities. This is organized by the EAL (English as an additional language) teacher. Due to the diverse and multicultural society we find ourselves in it is important that we all learn to appreciate, understand and respect the different cultures and religions these children and their families bring to the school or nurseries. We need to reflect on the various cultures and a multilingual approach in the environment the children are in. A typical example is that of my school where there are displays on the walls in the hall of flags of the various countries where these children come from. Similarly each child in the school has painted their portrait along the corridor which depicts the diverse nature of children who attend the school of their uniqueness and individuality. Each day of the week has a specific music played as the children enter the class to associate it with which day it is. On every Monday the music played is Disney, Tuesdays is Caribbean, Wednesdays is Classical, Thursdays is Asian and Fridays is African music. Also in the home corner of the nursery are dressing up clothes from different cultures, variety of food from different countries as well as pots and pans, chop sticks, wok, calabash and many more artefacts of other cultures. Children who are Bilingual are supported through the use of Makaton, Pecs and picture time tables, object of reference and use of key words from their first language by staff. The nursery has cookery sessions once every week where by the children are introduced to food from around the world. During the month of the Chinese New Year the children visit the Chinese supermarket to purchase the cooking ingredients required to prepare a stir-fry, which is a type of dish from the Chinese community. In the shop the children get to experience all the different vegetables and fruits that come from China. The school supports the various cultures in the school through celebration of festivals. During the festival seasons the school and nursery participate fully by engaging the children in various projects. Two years ago when we had some children from the Chinese origin in the school, we put on a show of a dragon parade around the school grounds. There was a build up to this occasion as the children made and decorated the dragon. Parents were invited into the school to tell stories about the celebration of the Chinese New Year and support the children with art and craf t, and read a story in Chinese during assembly. Last year all Waddon schools celebrated black history together, with each school choosing an activity to plan and execute. The representatives of my school chose to prepare food with the children to give them the experience of some African dishes. Some of the schools did art and crafts, whilst the others engaged in African dancing. A member of staff read an African folk story to the children during assembly. I was selected along with a colleague as are both from Ghana, to organise the cookery session. It was great fun as the children engaged in the activities with excitement. This took place in the hall because there were more children to accommodate. Nearly half the group were from either from Africa or the Caribbean or of mixed heritage, they felt confident to discuss the dishes which they were familiar with, with their peers. I feel this type of initiative brings everybody in the community together and broadens the childrens horizons as the activity involves hands on. However I fe el that a similar activity should be provided for the other cultures so that the children do not perceive that one culture is more superior to the other. Although the nursery I work at is part of the school, it for children with special educational needs, their abilities vary from physically able to wheel chair users. The children are taught to value each other and those more able bodied are challenged with responsibilities to support the wheel chair users. All the children have access to the same activities however there are differentiated to accommodate the needs of every individual child. During physical education, children who are not mobile will be assisted in floor activities such as bouncing on a ball or gently rocked in a fabric or receive exercise prescribed by Occupational Therapists. According to the Early Years Foundation Stage, Every child is a unique individual with their own characteristics and temperament this relates to a particular child who was expelled from a day nursery he attended prior to coming to us. He was deemed challenging, a danger to himself and his peers. When the other members in my nursery read his report and made a home visit they built up misconceptions that he would be a challenge from the behaviour they saw. However, after making close observation of him I realized what he needed desperately was lots of emotional support. This could be because there was problem at home as well as been told off by practitioners who did not see his needs but just thought he was a liability, not forgetting their attitude toward him may have made him feel insecure and that the only way he knows how to get attention was to be on his worse behaviour. The nursery worked with him to gain back his confidence and self esteem through listening to him, acknowledging his needs and making sense of his gestures and providing him with the right support he needed. In a matter of weeks this child had gained self esteem and now imitating the role of the teacher caring for his less mobile peers. He is now a competent signer as can now make his needs known through that instead of exhibiting negative behaviours. Language is a powerful tool, in order for practitioners to use a language which will rid us of discrimination and prejudices we have to turn to the work of theorists to assists us to reflect on our practices. The work of social justice enables us examine the way we use language and that of our colleagues to bring about fairness in our settings. This will require equal treatment and devotion on the part of every practitioner as well as to be able to reflective on incidences which otherwise could have being tackled better. How would you feel when you have a strong feeling of someone not liking you and whisper remarks to their colleagues about you or make unconscious gesture? Dont we have an ethical obligation to these children? Or think for a moment how they feel? As practitioners we must always strive to show dedication in our roles by promoting social change in using language of fairness and respect then we will be providing a safe environment for the children in our care. Notably Fe nnimore (2005) brings to our attention that language is undoubtedly a very powerful instrument for social justice which is at the hands of every early childhood practitioners. The placement where I am doing my work placement has nearly half the class of black African and Caribbean origin; however the employed staffs do not reflect the community. This does not matter if they are working with the children to reach their full potential. Even though all the children seem to cope, I have noticed the children of colour were missing out on a role model. This is evident as when I am there, some of the children of colour come to me and request to play with me most of the time. Furthermore, I have realized the books and puzzles do not reflect the community either. This is a big surprise as the manager has children of mixed race which should give her incentive to providing the nursery with a wide range of books and wide range of resources. Alternatively, I am impressed with other aspects such as the stock of African drums which was supplied to the nursery through a form of grant. However, to my dismay the staff will not join in play with the children, even though each and everyone have been trained to use the drum. Similarly, I feel that some of the employees are not devoted to the roles as they spend most of their time chatting amongs t themselves. The only interaction I have witnessed is during focus activity, when they have to tick boxes to evident an accomplishment. I do not feel they treat their jobs seriously; instead they treat the nursery as a social environment. According to Vygotsky children learn with the support of an adult or an older child who foster the development of knowledge and ability to interact which will benefits the child. Nevertheless children in the nursery are left on their own to explore by themselves. The only contact these children receive is during activity sessions which are very brief. I have also discovered that these children are not encouraged to take risks during play as they are quickly stopped by the staff. The EYFS on the other hand says that children should be given opportunities to take risks and make mistakes. In order to provide a successful inclusion of children, there has to be an intervention which will take on board the holistic needs of children as well as working in partnership with parents and multi-agencies. Most importantly there has to be adequate training given to the staff, the ratio of children and practitioners has to be considered carefully, enough provision of necessary resources and equipments, but above all everyone willing to commit fully in their roles and to work as a member of a team. Inclusion is possible if we all discard prejudice and embrace everybody irrespective of who they are. Research from the UEA and NCB (2007) and Edward et al (2006) have provided evidence to support that Childrens Trust Pathfinders and Childrens Fund interventions have produced better inclusion of young people with disabilities through fun and safe places to interact, resulting in increased sense of community among the children and young people as well as improved access to schools, mainly for refugee and asylum seeking children and a reduction in children taken into care. The other strategy which is early intervention means when problems are detected in its earlier stage, it is dealt with promptly. This can be related to the child who was expelled because the staff did not work hard in finding what issue he had which made him behave the way he did. But once identified he is one of the loveliest children I have known. In conclusion I have explored the history of multiculturalism in Britain and the research paradigms that have underpinned early childhood education. Equally I have explored practices in my previous employment as to how policies are affecting the settings or not.